The leading United States History survey text is now available in a value edition. Give Me Liberty! Is the leading textbook in the market because it works in the classroom. A single-author book, Give Me Liberty! Offers students a consistent approach, a single narrative voice, and a coherent perspective throughout the text. Threaded through the. Give Me Liberty, Vol. 2 / Voices of Freedom: A Documentary History, Vol. 2 (Paperback) Published September 2nd 2010 by W. Norton & Company Third Seagull Edition, Paperback, 362 pages.
Contested meanings of freedom at end of Civil War
For southern blacks, an expansive quest
Self-ownership
Autonomous institutions
Family
Reuniting families separated under slavery
Adopting separate gender roles
Church
Worship
Social events
Political meetings
Schools
Motivations
Backgrounds of students and instructors
Establishment of black colleges
Political participation
Right to vote
Engagement in political events
Land ownership
For southern whites, an imperiled birthright
Postwar demoralization
Loss of life
Destruction of property
Draining of planters' wealth and privilege
Psychic blow of emancipation
Inability to accept
Intolerance of black autonomy or equality
For northern Republicans, 'free labor'
Middle approach between aspirations of freedpeople and planters
Ambiguous role of federal government; Freedmen's Bureau
Achievements in education and health care
Betrayal of commitment to land reform
Post-emancipation labor systems
Task system (rice)
Wage labor (sugar)
Sharecropping (cotton, tobacco)
Subversion of independent white yeomanry
Spread of indebtedness, dependence on cotton production
Sharecropping and crop lien systems
Urban growth
Presidential Reconstruction
Andrew Johnson
Background and character
Humble origins
'Honest yeoman' identity
Political career
Hostility to southern secession and racial equality
Approach to Reconstruction
Pardons
Reserving of political power to whites
Southern white response
Restoration of Confederate leaders and Old South elite
Violence against freedpeople and northerners
Black Codes
Northern reaction
Johnson satisfaction
Republican outrage
Republican goals and principles
Moderate and Radical Republicans
Equality of races before the law
Federal enforcement
Radical Republicans only
Dissolution of Confederate-run state governments
Enfranchisement of blacks
Redistribution of land to former slaves
Congressional Republicans vs. Johnson
Passage of bill extending life of Freedmen's Bureau
Passage of Civil Rights Bill
Vetoes and override
Fourteenth Amendment
Terms and significance
Approval by Congress, transmission to states
Controversy in North
Democrats vs. Republicans
Congress vs. Johnson
1866 midterm election
Bitter campaign
Republican sweep
Growing breach between Johnson and Republicans
Radical Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act
Placement of South under federal military authority
Call for new state governments, entailing black right to vote
Tenure of Office Act
Impeachment of Johnson
Charges
Acquittal
1868 presidential election
Republican waving of 'bloody shirt'
Democratic race-baiting
Ulysses S. Grant victory
Fifteenth Amendment
Significance of 'Great Constitutional Revolution'
Idea of national citizenry, equal before the law
Expansion of citizenry to include blacks
Empowerment of federal government to protect citizens' rights
New boundaries of American citizenship
Exclusion of Asian immigrants
Exclusion of women
Unfulfilled campaigns for women's emancipation
Split within feminism over Reconstruction amendments
Radical Reconstruction in the South
Black initiatives
Mass public gatherings
Grassroots protests against segregation
Labor strikes
Political mobilization
Forming of local Republican organizations
Union League
Voter registration
Reconstructed state governments
Composition
Predominance of Republicans
Black Republicans
Officeholding at federal, state, and local levels
Varied backgrounds
White Republicans
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Varied motivations of each
Achievements
Public education
Affirmation of civil and political equality
More equal allocation of public services and resources
Measures to protect free labor
Fairer system of justice
Improvement in public facilities
Shortcomings
Uneven enforcement of laws
Economic stagnation
Persistence of black poverty
Overthrow of Reconstruction
Southern white opposition
Grievances expressed
Corruption
Incompetence
High taxes
Black supremacy
Underlying motivations
Antipathy for racial equality
Desire for controllable labor
Use of terror
Against any perceived threat to white supremacy
Against Republicans, black and white
Ku Klux Klan and other secret societies
Northern response
Measures to protect blacks' rights
Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871
Civil Rights Act of 1875
Waning commitment to Reconstruction
Liberal Republicans; Horace Greeley
Resurgence of northern racism
Economic depression
Supreme Court decisions
Slaughterhouse Cases
U.S. v. Cruikshank
Death throes of Reconstruction
1874 Democratic gains in South; 'Redeemers'
Resurgence of terror
Rise of electoral fraud
Election of 1876 and Bargain of 1877
First Americans
Arrival of Native Americans
Gradual settlement across Americas
Environmental change and rise of agriculture
Aztec and Inca empires
North American Indians
Wide-ranging and evolving societies
Mississippi Valley
Ohio River Valley
Southwest
West Coast
Great Plains
Southeast
Northeast
Interrelations among Indian societies
Trade
Diplomacy
War
Distinguishing factors among Indian societies
Political organization
Religious beliefs
Language
Absence of shared identity
Common characteristics among Indian societies
Spiritual outlook
Place of ritual
Views on natural and supernatural
Views on secular and religious
Conceptions of property
Relative lack of material inequality
Systems of gender relations
European disdain for Indian customs and values
Indian Freedom, European Freedom
Indian conceptions of freedom
Basis in collective belonging, self-determination, mutuality
Absence of basis in individual autonomy, private property
European incomprehension of
European conceptions of freedom
Christian liberty
Freedom from sin
No freedom of religious choice
Freedom and inequality in early modern England
Emphasis on ordered, hierarchical society
Gender hierarchies
Class hierarchies
Unequal distribution of freedoms
Start of European expansion
Initial aims
Commercial sea route to Asia
Circumvention of Islamic middlemen
Eastward expansion
Portugal's exploration, extension of trading empire
West Africa
Cape of Good Hope
India
Far East
Portugal's colonization of Atlantic islands
Sugar plantations
Slaves from Africa
Slavery and Africa
Traditional patterns of African slavery
Acceleration of slave trade following European arrival
Westward expansion
Voyages of Christopher Columbus
Quest for westward route to Asia
Sponsorship of Spain
First Spanish presence in New World
Settlements at Hispaniola
Explorations by Amerigo Vespucci
First English and Portuguese presence in New World
John Cabot (Newfoundland)
Pedro Cabral (Brazil)
Spanish conquest of New World
Motivations
Acquisition of wealth
National glory
Spread of Catholicism
The Conquistadores
Vasco Núñez de Balboa's expedition to Panama, the Pacific
Ferdinand Magellan's expedition around the world
Hernán Cortés's conquest of the Aztecs
Background on Aztec empire
Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Aztecs
Francisco Pizarro's conquest of the Incas
Background on Inca empire
Defeat, devastation, subjugation of the Incas
Demographic consequences of European arrival in the Americas
'Columbian Exchange' of goods and people
Devastation of Indian population
Breadth and magnitude
Causes
War
Enslavement
Disease
The Spanish Empire (sixteenth century)
Breadth
System of colonial government
Curbing of conquistador aggression
Establishment of top-down royal governance
Emergence of locally based governance
Exploitation of Indian labor
Gold and silver mines
Large-scale farms (haciendas)
Emigration from Spain
Volume
Social composition
Impact of native societies on empire's prospects
Gestation of a hybrid culture; Mestizos
Justifications for conquest
Perception of cultural superiority
Old-World precedent for violent crusades
Papal bull dividing New World between Spain and Portugal
Imperative to spread Catholicism
Versus heathenism
Versus Protestantism
Spain and the Indians
Dual agenda of saving souls and exploiting labor
External restraints on brutalization of Indians
Pope Paul III's ban on Indian enslavement
Bartolomé de Las Casas's Destruction of the Indies
Spanish reforms of colonist–Indian relations
Abolition of Indian enslavement
Abolition of encomienda system
Implementation of repartimiento system
Continuing abuse of Indians
Colonial labor system at end of sixteenth century
Involuntary wage labor by Indians
Slave labor by Africans
Emergence of Black Legend image of Spanish colonizers
Spanish explorations of North America
Motivations
Riches
Strategic bases
Religious conversion
Exploratory expeditions
Juan Ponce de León
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo
Hernando de Soto
Cabeza de Vaca
Francisco Vásquez de Coronado
Devastation of Indian communities
Establishment of Spanish settlements
In present-day Southeast
In present-day Southwest
Pueblo revolt
Sources of Pueblo resentment of colonial authorities
Labor exploitation
Pressure to convert to Catholicism
Assault on Pueblo religious traditions
Failure to protect Pueblos from drought, external attacks
The 1680 revolt
Popé
Background
Leadership
Unity of Pueblo rebels
Defeat and ouster of Spanish colonizers
Aftermath of revolt
Eradication of Spanish cultural presence
Collapse of Pueblo unity
Return of Spanish colonial rule
Easing of colonial practices toward Pueblos
The French and Dutch empires
Overall significance
As part of Atlantic rivalry with Spain
Modesty of, compared to Spanish empire
The French empire
Initial aims
Initial obstacles
Establishment and scope of
Relations with Indians
Social and economic arrangements
Limits of growth
The Dutch empire
Establishment and scope of
Place within Dutch commercial empire
Conceptions of liberty and toleration
Social and economic arrangements
Limits of growth
Relations with Indians
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